Features Nov 4, 2010 at 4:00 am

The Mystery of the Tainted Cocaine, Part II: How It's Made, How It Moves, and Who Might Be Cutting It with a Deadly Cattle-Deworming Drug

Once cocaine crosses into the U.S. over the Mexico border, dealers cut it with agents other than levamisole: flour, baby powder, Epsom salts, laxatives, lidocaine, chalk. The lore is that we get some of the worst product in the country—it gets cut and stepped on, mostly by Latino narcos, at every stop between San Diego and Seattle. Meanwhile, it's rumored that Vancouver, Canada, has far superior cocaine than we do: Asian gangs import product to Canada through Vancouver and step on it as it moves eastward. The Latino and Asian gangs are said to have a gentleman’s agreement that the U.S./Canada border is also a gangland border. Latinos won’t sell north and Asians won’t sell south. As one dealer put it, “If we see any of those Asian guys down here, they’re fucking dead.”

Comments

1
nice article Brendan! only one minor quibble: "we" (critical drug scholars and some government agencies) take issue with the term "cartel" because a cartel means something very specific in economic theory (think OPEC).

I, on the other hand, also explain the use of the term "cartel" as a way to fetishize one kind of capitalism as bad, and somehow disconnected or disconnectable from other kinds of capitalism -- all of which are connected to state policies, industrial and otherwise.
2
nice article Brendan! only one minor quibble: "we" (critical drug scholars and some government agencies) take issue with the term "cartel" because a cartel means something very specific in economic theory (think OPEC).

I, on the other hand, also explain the use of the term "cartel" as a way to fetishize one kind of capitalism as bad, and somehow disconnected or disconnectable from other kinds of capitalism -- all of which are connected to state policies, industrial and otherwise.
3
Dear Editors,

Next time you prepare to ridicule and mock those with drug problems (the Wade's, the Lohan, whomever)

I will redirect you to this post on how to get nice and clean coke.

NICE AND CLEAN COKE.
4
This was interesting as hell.
5
I hope you get some kind of award for this.
6
Interesting article, you're a great journalist. Thanks for the read.
7
MEXICO IS NOT PART OF SOUTH AMERICA: '...of how narcos and South American governments are fully integrated. Peniche contributed tens of millions to the PRI party, then had to flee Mexico after the government seized his Union Bank and interest in the Del Monte Produce chain.'

Also, the quoting of El Diario is barely noticeable as a quote, at least for me...
8
MEXICO IS NOT PART OF SOUTH AMERICA: '...of how narcos and South American governments are fully integrated. Peniche contributed tens of millions to the PRI party, then had to flee Mexico after the government seized his Union Bank and interest in the Del Monte Produce chain.'

Also, the quoting of El Diario is barely noticeable as a quote, at least for me...
9
Double post due to resent post trying to get back to my comment after doing password recovery. DA OH
10
Bravo. Seriously: Pulitzer time. One thing: you should put in your citations, like the Bloomberg article.
11
BHS! BHS! BHS!

Really interesting article; I tried to make it through "Whiteout" once, but the book was a little long and conspiratorial for me. I think it may be too accurate to receive any serious thought from politicians, but your final point about the contradiction between NAFTA & the drug war is one that I certainly hope does. It's also great that you all have constantly included info on levamisole detection with these articles. Coke's not for me, but it's nice to know that there are some sane people put there when it comes to drugs (thx harborview folks, et. al.).
12
Great article. Very well researched.
13
Interesting and well reported article....

F*CKING HORRIBLE INFOGRAPHIC!

Seriously Stranger...you don't have anyone on staff that could pull together an infographic better than some gradient shape outlines of North America with some whimsical MS word smart art arrows?

Christ.
14
Drugs are bad uuuuummmm-k?
15
Good article, but I think it's a little dishonest towards the conclusion where you seem to blame everyone EXCEPT all the coke users reading these articles for the state of things. Let's be honest, the Stranger has a huge following of hipster cokeheads, and probably a few coke users on staff. Acting like everything bad is entirely the fault of "US drug policy" is dishonest; the reality is that the the fault lies with those who are actually bankrolling and creating a demand for the entire system: cocaine users. We have a bunch of apathetic rich kids willing to happily support murder and carnage in exchange for an ironic party high; giving them a pass while calling voters and politicians immoral for being naive enough to think they could stop them seems backwards.
16
This is some amazing reporting. Really impressive.
17
"The lore is that we get some of the worst product in the country..."

Who fucking cares? You're somehow surprised? Would you take aspirin made without any regulatory oversight?

You want a good coke high? Grow your own cocoa plant (you can grow it on your window sill as it looks just like a pale-green jade plant with slightly larger leaves so nobody will notice), soak the leaves in gin or vodka, mix it with some alka seltzer and party like you've never partied before.

And don't get me started on the social ills your fucking habits are directly responsible for in Colombia.

Buy art. Not cocaine. Assholes.
18
great work, brendan! one question - they're spraying insecticide that's killing people? or did you mean herbicide. not being pedantic, honestly curious.
19
The whole thing about the spraying is shocking and awful and deserves its own story that cites more than one source. If what Diego told you is true, than that's a crime against humanity... of course, because the US is so powerful, the international community won't be knocking down our door about it, but surely by publicizing it more, we can bring our peoples' conscience to bear and hopefully make it stop.
20
@19
There have been lots of articles about the overspraying as part of Plan Columbia, and their effects on people, rivers, farms, and livestock. You just haven't been paying attention.
21
@17: The problem with assigning culpability is that everyone involved in the social discourse surrounding cocaine (drug bosses, workers, smugglers, narcopolice, legislators, and users) are all responsible to differing degrees and in different ways for the impacts of that discourse. You might as well be personally blaming anyone who uses any petrol products or products produced using petrol (that's pretty much anyone and everyone on the planet) for the 9/11/01 attacks here in USA and the ongoing Iraq and Afghanistan wars, given that oil money is funding much of the violence. That's an incredibly oversimplified view that shifts ALL culpability to one small segment of those involved in creating the situation-as-is.

Also, how the fuck can you call yourself a "Libertarian" while decrying drug use? If laws preventing pollution and racial discrimination are government overreach, then drug laws are WAY across the line. For a more informed and intelligent Libertarian discourse, I recommend Penn & Teller: Bullshit! "Libertarian" is not the same as "everyone should behave exactly how I want them to"; limited government is government limited across all fronts in a close-to-equal degree, not limited in the ways one wants and extensive and intrusive in the ways one wants.
22
@15, I want to hug you.

Overspraying, as part of Plan Colombia, has contributed to the mass displacement in Colombia, forcing people from their rural communities into what are becoming some of the largest and most devastating slums in South America.

"Colombia has experienced the internal displacement of more than 3,800,000 people over the past 20 years, representing approximately 8 percent of Colombia’s population

Colombia’s internally displaced population is one of the worst humanitarian crises in the Americas, and the second largest internally displaced population in the world, after Sudan

Afro-Colombian and indigenous peoples are disproportionately affected by displacement, representing almost one-third of the internally displaced;

Women and children also comprise a large majority of the internally displaced

More than 200,000 people continue to be displaced internally every year"
www.cipcol.org/?p=440
23
One minor note, aminorex is not an amphetamine. Aminorex is a stimulant and it's similar effect to amphetamine but saying "an amphetamine called aminorex" is like saying 'a coffee called green tea'. Sorry, I know no one cares but it drives me nuts to see a sentence like that in an otherwise great article.
24
Thanks for your corrections, folks.
25
@17

Ah, there's nothing like a "libertarian" to take a complex issue with a long history, that touches hundreds of millions of people in many different nations across the globe and reduce it to a simpering bromide.

Along w/ the usual self-righteous feet-stamping, it is a tour-de-force of the lunacy of conventional wisdom.

The expletives are just icing on the cake.
26
Really great job.
27
I'm really enjoying this series ... I hope you keep it up! Maybe eventually reason will triumph after all. As a medical student, I'm learning more and more how little drug prohibition does to right any wrongs.
28
im alejandro, im from Cali Colombia, its my third week here in seattle, when i read this articleits seems for me distant forom reality, its my opinion...its out of focus and non objetive the live interview, the story of diego its out of the reality, if you live in cali and you had a desperate situation you never think to go a coca plantation young people in cali never do that, coca plantation is so far from cali, young people on depresed zones of cali take another paths... like drug dealers, hitman(sicarios in spanish) or robers, but they never think to go to the country side, like i said its my opinion...but i live 24 years in cali, i got 30, and theres a lot of problems but not in that way...thanks.
29
So.... have any of the Stranger's staff found any levamisole in their blow/crack yet?
30
So.... have any of the Stranger's staff found any levamisole in their blow/crack yet?
31
So.... have any of the Stranger's staff found any levamisole in their blow/crack yet?
32
Really, very nicely done. I enjoyed the first article, but this one was fantastic.
33
very good reporting.i got me thinking.this report is right up there with 'frontline","60 min" and i would say nightline but its not the same anymore. any way you need a national curculation. just think of all the lives and money that would be saved if cocaine and MJ WAS DE-CRIMALISED.
34
Excellent article! Now, let's find a way to get this into action at the policy level with the Administration. Complicated to say the least, the drug trafficking is so closely linked to our economy....scary truth indeed!
35
This is some amazing journalism. Brendan Kiley deserves a pulitzer for this series. One has to wonder how long his talent will be content with working at The Stranger.
36
Thank you so much for this article. As a Colombian and strong opponent to the long civil war in Colombia, Americans deserve to learn more about this crisis the US is DOING NOTHING ABOUT. Its absurd, we shouldn't be fighting for oil and finding the impossible in the Middle East, we need to be helping our neighbors that directly affect our economy and politics.

Also a side note, this internal crisis has been going on since the 1940's, and just for your information Castro has to a lot with it, he may have assassinated the presidential candidate Jorge Eliecer Gaitan Ayala, which consequently created FARC and Paramilitaries that were helping the poor countrymen. Which are largely behind the problem today.

Otherwise, this was excellent.
37
@ 35. What are you talking about? I LOVE it here! Because they let me do stuff like this!
38
Right, and least we forget about the dozens of c-130 military planes that have been caught with tons of cocaine as it's smuggled into the country by our government.
39
Right, and least we forget about the dozens of c-130 transport planes that have been smuggling tons of cocaine into the country. The CIA is the single biggest purveyor of drug running, and wall street mega banks are the biggest recipient of it's laundered profits. Instant liquidity, and you only have to launder it once.
40
Great, informative article! It also provides further reasons for the legalizing of drugs, not this fruitless prohibition. Granted, I'm not one to suggest that legalizing all drugs is a cure-all. There is much larger economic shit going down in Colombia, and drugs represents one part of the problem.

Still, it would be nice to see money wasted on drug seizures, diverted into rehabilitation programs.
41
Who does your infographics? Edward Tufte would have an aneurysm.
42
The crack heads out there are lucky, I would like to see that shit cut with D-Con and the crack head/ coke whore/ junkie problem would finally go the fuck away.
43
Brendan, this is a seriously excellent piece of work. My cyber-hat is doffed 2.0 toward you.
44
Outstanding and complete article. It only remains to add the two other articles in the trilogy: The Heroin Trade and the Marijuana Trade...

ALL of which we'd do better to decriminalize or outright legalize...

Here is an excerpt of something I wrote on the subject awhile back:

"Nearly all of what is discussed in [this account] would simply go away if we actually did what the right-wingers often speak up for, and let so-called 'market forces' conduct an economic war against the cartels for us by decriminalizing cocaine (and making legal and clean supplies for addicts available by prescription).

"Keeping large standing armies of thugs on hand to conduct and protect the illegal cocaine trade is expensive, and only supportqble by the high prices that can be gotten for the drug because it is illegal and because the penalties for trafficking it are so high (increased risk driving the price up).

"We could undercut ALL of the negative consequences of the cocaine trade except the propensity for some percentage of the people who use the drug to become addicted--problems that readily available treatment programs, legal prescription, and education are able to attack far more effectively than interdiction.

"Lots of good social research on drug use and abuse patterns has been done in the more "liberal" nations of Europe (e.g. Netherlands) suggesting that rightwing fears of sudden and universal cocaine addiction under a more permissive regime are ill-founded."

If anything, my view of preference for outright legalization (for all illegal drugs) over decriminalization has sharpened, since.
45
Yeah honestly this is some top-notch stuff. I would expect something like this from Greg Palast.
46
@28 Alejandro, I think it's very interesting that you believe that the people in "desperate situations" in Cali have only 3 paths, "drug dealers, hitman(sicarios in spanish) or robers"... It says even more about the problem that you don't believe they also go out to find honest work. You show clearly what "reality" is to you in a city where many other realities also exist. I am assuming, that because you are in Seattle and speak such good English, that you might not be in touch with desperate situations in your own city, in the comunas, but that's just my opinion.
47
@28 Alejandro, I think it's very interesting that you believe that the people in "desperate situations" in Cali have only 3 paths, "drug dealers, hitman(sicarios in spanish) or robers"... It says even more about the problem that you don't believe they also go out to find honest work. You show clearly what your reality is in a city where many other realities also exist. I am assuming, that because you made it to America and speak such good English, that you might not be in touch with desperate situations in your own city, in the comunas, but that's just my opinion.
48
sorry for the double post, crashed before I saw the post went through.
49
bravo!
50
Wow, so let me get this straight. Cokeheads are dying from some evil shit that got cut into their coke.

PROBLEM SOLVED! Hurry up and die, assholes, so the rest of us can live in peace.
51
Folks need to lay off the blow, for realz!
52
Clap,clap,clap great article Brendan one and two should be required reading in all the high schools in North America, instead of the dribble that the kids read now.
53
Excellent article! Congratulations. I'm from Mexico and I just wish more people were able to read this kind of articles with such valuable information.
I support the legalization of all drugs, that's the best way to go for peace in our Countries.

Also I recommend Rolling Stone's "How America Lost the War on Drugs"
54
I take it Mr. Kiley ain't no darn Leftist:he never places a definite article before the acronym "F.A.R.C." Pfft!But he has no problem doing so for other groups.
55
Please continue with these articles!
56
Great article. I look forward to more.
57
From experience, I can tell you that there is zero benefit to the coke "high" from adding this crap. It looks like, but ain't. I've been clean of coke in all its forms for months now, since the "pure" I always buy for top-dollar started affecting me differently. For the last month or more, it has been impossible to find "pure" coke that has even a fraction of the real drug as an ingredient - worse than even cheap street-crap used to be. At least you could boil it down to pure when you rocked it, but not this stuff. It is or seems to be almost pure cut, this stuff that looks like the fish-scales of real blow. But it doesn't work! Not at all. Instead of a head-rush and euphoria, you get a rush of nausea and feel terrible. But when selling coke at a bar, dealers know that drunken kids wouldn't know coke from a kick in the pants. So they couldn't care less. I guess you have to be a rock star or Bill Gates' accountant to have the ability to locate the real these days. Oh well, I'm off (after 12 years) and really don't need the "good stuff" to return till I'm long dead of natural old age.
58
From experience, I can tell you that there is zero benefit to the coke "high" from adding this crap. It looks like, but ain't. I've been clean of coke in all its forms for months now, since the "pure" I always buy for top-dollar started affecting me differently. For the last month or more, it has been impossible to find "pure" coke that has even a fraction of the real drug as an ingredient - worse than even cheap street-crap used to be. At least you could boil it down to pure when you rocked it, but not this stuff. It is or seems to be almost pure cut, this stuff that looks like the fish-scales of real blow. But it doesn't work! Not at all. Instead of a head-rush and euphoria, you get a rush of nausea and feel terrible. But when selling coke at a bar, dealers know that drunken kids wouldn't know coke from a kick in the pants. So they couldn't care less. I guess you have to be a rock star or Bill Gates' accountant to have the ability to locate the real these days. Oh well, I'm off (after 12 years) and really don't need the "good stuff" to return till I'm long dead of natural old age.
59
From experience, I can tell you that there is zero benefit to the coke "high" from adding this crap. It looks like, but ain't. I've been clean of coke in all its forms for months now, since the "pure" I always buy for top-dollar started affecting me differently. For the last month or more, it has been impossible to find "pure" coke that has even a fraction of the real drug as an ingredient - worse than even cheap street-crap used to be. At least you could boil it down to pure when you rocked it, but not this stuff. It is or seems to be almost pure cut, this stuff that looks like the fish-scales of real blow. But it doesn't work! Not at all. Instead of a head-rush and euphoria, you get a rush of nausea and feel terrible. But when selling coke at a bar, dealers know that drunken kids wouldn't know coke from a kick in the pants. So they couldn't care less. I guess you have to be a rock star or Bill Gates' accountant to have the ability to locate the real these days. Oh well, I'm off (after 12 years) and really don't need the "good stuff" to return till I'm long dead of natural old age.

60
Whoa!! Sorry everyone - got a laptop on a rampage here...
61
Exceptional journalism. It's a rare treat to read something so well-written in this age of entertainment-as-news and real writers losing their jobs as the print industry collapses.
62
good article - but it did not answer the question why the drug producers put levimasole or phenacetin or another chemical filler into their pure...which makes their customers seriously ill or even kill them...it cannot be for the money because there are much cheaper options to cut pure cocaine.
OR they did split the trade...pure for the wealthy,rich and important....mixed crap for the street and suckertrade....who knows?
63
Cocaine sucks in Seattle, Seattle is a major city youd think you could get some half decent Coke in any REAL city.
Maybe its more than the coke that sucks here, the people suck, the food sucks, the lack of variety sucks, SEATTLE SUCKS!
In the Bay area everybodys grandma has a candy dish full of the good coke, people are friendly, food is great, people actually know how to drive above the soeed limit for the most part, so wtf is wrong with this shitty ass town??
We need better coke! Someones got to do something!
Help!

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