After being ruled for 80 years by a gene-centric form of Darwinism, the biological sciences might be at the dawn of a new age of Lamarckism. You do not believe me (one who sides with the developmental systems thinking of Susan Oyama and Richard Lewontin)? Well check out what a study conducted at Emory University School of Medicine, and published in the journal of Nature Neuroscience, found:

[Researchers] trained mice to fear the smell of cherry blossom using electric shocks before allowing them to breed.
The offspring produced showed fearful responses to the odour of cherry blossom compared to a neutral odour, despite never having encountered them before.
The following generation also showed the same behaviour. This effect continued even if the mice had been fathered through artificial insemination.
The researchers found the brains of the trained mice and their offspring showed structural changes in areas used to detect the odour.

This is not Darwinism; this is as close to Lamarck as science can get. Lamarck, if you remember, believed that the living experiences of a parent could be passed down to his/her offspring. The idea was only allowed a home in cultural evolution, and banned from anywhere near biological evolution. But combine these striking findings at Emory University School of Medicine with those recently appearing in the emerging field of epigenetics, and you are pretty much looking at the next era of evolutionary biology, an era that will find the thinking of Susan Oyama more useful than that of Richard Dawkins and his science fictional survival robots.

Also, these findings may actually do a number on the whole mind modules thing that's pushed by the leading proponents of evolutionary psychology.